Become a Private Pilot
Carry more passengers and fly more types with this most versatile pilot’s certificate.
There are three basic pathways to becoming a pilot here in the U.S.: You can become a full-blown private pilot, you can get there a bit faster and cheaper by becoming a sport pilot, or you can fly on your own as an ultralight pilot.
It all really depends on two things: what you want to fly, and how many people — if any — you want to take with you.
Private Pilot
Becoming a private pilot requires the most training (and a medical exam), but it also gives you the most privileges and fewest limitations. A typical private pilot will fly two- or four-seat airplanes, they can fly at night, and, with additional training and ratings, can fly on instruments in bad weather, fly multiengine airplanes, etc.
Private Pilot — our step-by-step guide
Sport Pilot
Getting your sport pilot certificate is simpler, faster, and less expensive than a private certificate, and is perfect for someone who wants to fly smaller, lighter aircraft on their own or with one other person. No medical exam is required, and the minimum training time is half of what's required for the private.
Sport Pilot — our step-by-step guide
Ultralights
If the idea of flying low and slow, on your own, maybe using a grass runway mowed into a field on the family farm, and not necessarily going anywhere in particular appeals to you, then the world of ultralights is worth a look. They're not fast and they don't carry much, but they are definitely fun. While there’s no legal requirement for instruction, training should be considered absolutely mandatory for safe and happy flying.
Ultralight Pilot — our step-by-step guide
By the Numbers
Here's a quick comparison of the requirements, restrictions and privileges in each category.
Private Pilot |
Sport Pilot |
Ultralight |
|
Minimum Training Time |
40 hours |
20 hours |
No legal minimum |
Passengers |
No limit2 |
1 passenger |
No passengers |
Maximum Aircraft Speed |
No limit2 |
250 knots |
55 knots (63 mph) |
Aircraft Size Limitations |
No limit2 |
No weight limitation – see stall speed and seat limits below |
254 pounds (empty weight for powered ultralights)3 155 pounds (for unpowered ultralights) |
Stall Speed Limitations |
No limit |
59 knots clean stall speed (Vs1) |
24 knots power-off stall speed (Vs0) |
Seat Limitations |
No limit2 |
4 seats (limited to 1 passenger) |
1 seat |
Can you fly at night |
Yes |
Yes4 |
No |
Can you fly in the clouds (Instrument Meteorological Conditions)? |
Yes5 |
No |
No |
Can you fly a Multi-Engine Aircraft? |
Yes6 |
No |
No |
Is a Pilot Certificate Required? |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
Is a Medical Certificate Required? |
Yes, Third Class minimum or BasicMed |
No7,8 (A valid, U.S. Driver’s License required in lieu of a medical) |
No |
Required Tests |
Knowledge test (aka written exam) and practical exam (consisting of an oral and a flight portion) |
Knowledge test (aka written exam) and practical exam (consisting of an oral and a flight portion) |
None |
2 Larger, higher-powered aircraft may require additional endorsements or type ratings. Seat, passenger, and weight restrictions apply to private pilots flying under BasicMed
3 Excludes floats and safety devices
4 Requires a Third-Class Medical or BasicMed, plus additional training and endorsements
5 Additional training and an appropriate instrument rating required
6 Multi-engine certificate required
7 A third-class medical or BasicMed is required to exercise night privileges
8 Previous FAA medical certificates cannot be denied, revoked, or suspended
Carry more passengers and fly more types with this most versatile pilot’s certificate.
Recreational flying for you and a friend, with no medical certificate required.
Fun flying, low and slow. The simplest and most inexpensive way to fly.